Plagiarism Screening & Thresholds

Plagiarism in any form—including unattributed textual appropriation, self-plagiarism without citation, paraphrasing without credit, and idea theft—is strictly prohibited. All submissions are screened using automated similarity-checking software.

The journal does not apply a mechanical percentage threshold; similarity reports are reviewed contextually by editors. Standardized statutory quotes, citation strings, and institutional names are excluded from substantive similarity calculations.

Research Integrity & Empirical Data

Fabrication or falsification of case citations, statutory provisions, empirical survey data, or interview records is considered grave academic misconduct. Where empirical research is reported, authors must maintain verifiable data records and make raw data available upon reasonable editorial request.